Sapphire  - The September Birthstone  

THE GEMSTONE:

Sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum.  Sapphires occur in all colors of the rainbow with the exception of red – which is called ruby.  The name sapphire is derived from the name sapphiros, which was actually used for lapis lazuli in Roman times.  Blue sapphire is designated for the 15th wedding anniversary, golden sapphire for the 50th, and fancy colors (all except blue) for the 30th anniversary.  The most important current sources of sapphire are Thailand, Sri Lanka, Burma, Kenya, and Tanzania.  Sapphires are commonly heated to improve color and reduce cloudiness caused by rutile inclusions. 

THE LORE: 

Kings for protection in battle wore blue Sapphires.  Witches used them to conjure up spirits.  Cardinals and Bishops began wearing them in the twelfth century as a symbol of heaven devotion and wisdom.  The crossbars in star Sapphires represent faith, hope, and destiny.  The star appearing at the center was believed to be living and so powerful that it would continue to protect its original owner even if lost.  Sapphire is an exceptionally brilliant and durable gemstone.  Princesses Anne and Diana, Liz Taylor, and Luci Baines Johnson all chose sapphires as engagement rings.